s = '伟大的中国梦'
#编码str --> bytes
scode_gbk=s.encode(errors='replace')  #默认是utf-8，因为utf-8中文占3个字节
print(scode_gbk)


scode_gbk=s.encode('gbk',errors='replace')#gbk中中文占2个字节
print(scode_gbk)


#编码出错问题
s2='耶😊'
scode=s2.encode('gbk',errors='ignore') #strict/ignore/replace
print(scode)


#解码bytes --> str
print(bytes.decode(scode_gbk,'gbk'))
print(bytes.decode(scode,'utf-8'))

（仅供参考）